InnoCyto - Biotin Human PD1 (CD279) Protein (C-His-Avi)

Biotin Human PD1 (CD279) Protein (C-His-Avi)

Human PD-1 Protein (C-His-Avi) was biotinylated in vitro using BirA ligase. SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing (P+) and non-reducing (P−) conditions shows the protein has a purity greater than 95%.

Cat #	Size	Price	Quantity
802803	25 ug	$245
802804	100 ug	$595

Bulk/Custom

Product Details

Application	ELISA, BLI
Format	Liquid, Biotinylated
Expression Host	HEK293
Target Name	PD1, PDCD1, CD279, SLEB2
Species	Human
Sources	Human PD-1 protein (NP_005009.2) (Leu25-Gln167) with C-terminus His-Avi tag is expressed in HEK293 cells. This protein was site-specifically labeled with Biotin by BirA ligase.
Accession Number	Q15116
Molecular Weight	The protein has a predicted molecular weight of 19.5 kDa. Under DTT-reducing conditions, it migrates at approximately 30-45 kDa on SDS-PAGE.
Affinity Tag	C-His-Avi
Purity	>95% based on SDS-PAGE under reducing condition
Regulatory Status	RUO
Formulation	1xPBS buffer, pH7.4, 0.22 µm filtered
Endotoxin level	Not tested
Protein Concentration	25µg size is bottled at 0.2mg/mL concentration. 100 µg size is supplied at a lot-specific concentration.
Storage and Handling	Briefly centrifuge the vial upon receipt. An unopened vial can be stored at 4°C for up to 2 weeks, or at -20°C or below for up to six months. The protein may be further diluted to 0.1 mg/mL using 0.22 µm-filtered PBS buffer (pH 7.4). For long-term storage, the diluted stock solution should be aliquoted and stored at ≤ –70°C to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. If additional dilution is required, carrier proteins such as FBS or BSA should be added to maintain protein stability.

Background Information

CD279, also known as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), is a crucial immune checkpoint receptor that regulates T cell activation and prevents autoimmunity. This transmembrane protein plays a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis by delivering inhibitory signals that dampen excessive immune responses.

PD-1 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It contains an extracellular immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular tail with two tyrosine-based signaling motifs: an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM). When engaged, these motifs recruit phosphatases that inhibit T-cell receptor signaling, effectively suppressing T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production.

PD-1 interacts with two primary ligands: PD-L1 (B7-H1/CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC/CD273). PD-L1 is widely expressed on various cell types, including tumor cells, antigen-presenting cells, and non-hematopoietic tissues, while PD-L2 expression is more restricted to antigen-presenting cells. These ligand-receptor interactions serve as critical brakes on immune responses. In cancer, tumor cells exploit the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to evade immune surveillance. By upregulating PD-L1 expression, tumors effectively "turn off" infiltrating T-cells, preventing effective anti-tumor immunity. This mechanism contributes to tumor progression and immune escape across multiple cancer types.

The discovery of PD-1's role in cancer has revolutionized oncology through immune checkpoint inhibitors. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab) block this inhibitory pathway, reinvigorating anti-tumor T-cell responses. These therapies have demonstrated remarkable success in treating melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and numerous other malignancies, fundamentally transforming cancer treatment paradigms and offering durable responses in previously untreatable cancers.

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Biotin Human PD1 (CD279) Protein (C-His-Avi)

Product Details

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